WhiteCoat

Archive for April, 2009

Access to Medicine Articles 04-22-09

Wednesday, April 22nd, 2009

Bokeen notes the difficulty of his friend boqueen in obtaining care at Stroger Hospital in Chicago. Boqueen was at the hospital for a painful condition that was diagnosed as a bacterial infection after arriving at the hospital at 6 PM and being discharged at 3 AM. During the wait, he counted more than 250 patients in the waiting room. The following day, boqueen spent 7 hours trying to obtain her prescription from the Stroger Hospital pharmacy.
Bokeen noted “Stroger Hospital is the perfect case study to illustrate why the government should not run a health care facility, let alone the nation’s entire health care system … governments in the United States are inherently inefficient. When these same inefficiencies creep into our health care system, as they do in Cook County, the patients suffer.”

Here’s an example of technologically adept doctors catering to patients that choose to pay out of pocket for their care. One practice charges $1500 per year for patient care and caps the number of patients at 600 – roughly a quarter of the number of patients in a traditional physician’s practice. Alternatively, another physician charges $90 for a 10 minute office visit and $30 for phone/e-mail consults. Most of his patients don’t spend more than $300 per year for urgent/primary care.

This Scripps News article notes that 1 in 5 patients in the US does not have a family physician. Additionally, counties with more primary care physicians had lower death rates than those with fewer family doctors. For example, the death rate from hypertension was 32 percent higher in areas with the fewest doctors when compared to areas with the highest number of doctors.
The article also notes that “Having insurance coverage without a source of care is as worthless as having currency without a marketplace.” Wonder where I heard that before
Only 30% of patients said they could get an appointment with their regular doctor, and many called it “assembly-line medicine,” considering themselves lucky if they got “five minutes with the doctor before they show you the door.”
Perhaps the scariest part of the article was a survey of current primary physicians. Of those surveyed, almost half said they expected to “reduce their patient load or stop practicing medicine entirely within three years.” That’s a lot more patients without primary care physicians.

MSNBC noted that 1 in 5 patients postponed health care in a recent survey – most citing cost as a reason. In addition, patients with employer-sponsored insurance declined from 59% to 54.6 % while the number of adults covered by Medicaid increased from11.9% to 14.5%. One in seven adult Americans rely on Medicaid. Another 14% of  Americans rely on Medicare. That’s almost 30% of the population relying on medical care that is paid for by the other 70% of the population. I can’t imagine that all of the remaining 70% are paying premiums into the system. How long will such a system be sustainable?

This HealthDay article shows how at least 10% of Americans surveyed reported having “frequent mental distress” – defined as 14 or more days a month of feeling depressed, stressed or having emotional problems. Stress levels seemed to be higher in states with more poverty. Fifteen percent of those in West Virginia had frequent mental distress while only 6.6% of Hawaii residents had frequent mental distress. Shaka Brah! The results were from surveys taken in 2003 to 2006, so I’d bet the results would be worse if they were taken now.

At the same time, this Health Affairs article shows that two thirds of primary care physicians could not find outpatient mental health care for their patients – more than twice as difficult as finding care for other services. With all the stress, psychiatry might not be such a bad specialty after all.

Mystery Solved

Tuesday, April 21st, 2009

So this explains why my son spends 30 minutes in the bathroom with the Nintendo DS, why I  hear muffled yells in the process, and why he loudly exclaims how he HATES some Pokemon character as he emerges.

I wonder if there’s a support group yet …

More Bureaucracy

Tuesday, April 21st, 2009

For those of you that missed it, an executive order was issued on April 8, 2009 establishing the “White House Office of Health Reform.”

Functions of the office will include:
Furthering the President’s agenda for health care reform. OK. Like to hear more about specifics.
Seeking public input regarding problems and priorities for policy measures the President has created. Good. Just need to act upon it.
Strengthening public agencies and private organizations that can improve the performance of the health care system. If this means dumping more money into JCAHO and HospitalCompare, get ready for the next AIG debacle.
Providing high-quality, affordable, and accessible health care” and “expand[ing] coverage, improv[ing] quality and efficiency, and slow[ing] the growth of health costs ….” Unfortunately, the engineer’s triangle shows that those three things will never happen. I fear that these stated goals are merely window dressing on a system that will cut back on all three of these goals. I hope that I’m wrong.

The Force Failed Me

Monday, April 20th, 2009

obiwanmindtrickA caregiver brings in a somewhat demented patient in his 60s for evaluation of abdominal pain. The patient does have dementia, but he knows what’s going on around him.

Interesting scenario because over the past several months, the patient has regularly been admitted for abdominal pain workups on a Friday morning and discharged on a Monday or Tuesday. Just an odd pattern of the patient always needing to be admitted on Fridays. Then again, with the patient admitted to the hospital, the caregiver had nothing to do over the weekends. Wink wink.

This visit the patient was fine. He was better than fine. I could poke on his stomach without him even wincing.
“See, no pain, doc,” he told me. “I haven’t had any pain today. I just want to go home.”
The nurses had already given him a sandwich and a cup of juice.
He was happy. Labs and urine were normal. Previous workups in the computer showed nothing abnormal. I was happy. Cool. You’re on your way home.

Then an air of evil came over the room. The caregiver suddenly appeared through the door.

“I’ll be sending him home soon,” I told her.
“But what about his pain?” She asked.
“He’s not having it any more,” I replied with a smile on my face. “Said he hasn’t had it all day.”
“He has the pain, but he just doesn’t know how to say so.” She waved her hand in the air and said “You’re having pain, right Obi-Wan?”
“I’m having pain in my stomach, yeah.” He parroted.

You vile woman. You hobgoblin from the dark side. Doing those Jedi mind tricks, eh? (See video here).
OK, two can play that game.

So I wave my hand and say “But the pain is gone now, right, Obi-Wan?”
“Yeah, the pain is gone now.”
“In fact, you haven’t had the pain all day and you want to go home, don’t you?”
“Yeah, I just want to go home.”

I raised my eyebrow. Darth Maul scowled.

She waved her hand again. “Yes but you always get vomiting after your abdominal pain and you get dehydrated very easily once you start to vomit, right Obi-Wan?”
“I do get dehydrated really easy when I start vomiting,” he said. I could hear the buzz of a light saber being activated behind Darth Maul’s back.
“But you don’t feel sick now and you’ve already had a drink of apple juice and a sandwich, right Obi-Wan?”
“That’s right, I already ate and I don’t feel sick.”
“Besides, I can give you medicine to take at home if you get nauseous.”
“That’s true, I can take medicine at home,” Obi-Wan said.
Darth Maul’s eyes glowed red.
This could go on forever.
She waved her hand and started to say “But you’re …”
I cut her off. “I’ll get your discharge papers together in a minute, then. Glad you’re doing so much better.”
“Me, too. I’m glad I am doing so much better.”

As I was entering the discharge instructions in the computer, there was a serious rift in the force. A chill swept through the department as a dark figure walked by, black cape flittering behind him. He stopped at the patient’s room, gave an Imperial Stormtrooper salute to Darth Maul, grabbed the patient’s chart and wrote admitting orders on the patient without even doing an exam. Then he strode out while the Imperial March played somewhere in the distance (you have to click the link to get the true effect).

Darth Maul must have summoned him with her handheld communicator. Dammit, why don’t they ban those things from the emergency department?

You win this round, evil one. Next time I’m going to lop off your hand with my light saber and stomp on your communicator before it transmits your distress signal.

I needed backup. And just where the hell is Yoda when you need him, anyway?
Probably off at that Tatooine bar making out with that three-headed hottie from Bestine.
He always had a thing for her.

What’s The Diagnosis?

Sunday, April 19th, 2009

25 year old patient presents with the rash below for the previous two weeks. Started on Acyclovir for herpes by primary care physician, but not getting better.  Mouth was sore previous week but no lesions noted. Now no mouth symptoms.
What’s the diagnosis? (Picture used with patient’s permission)
Answer here and here.

dyshidrotic-eczema

Unwound

Friday, April 17th, 2009

funBack from vacation and catching up on all the work before a double shift tomorrow.

It’s nice to just relax with the kids, not check the internet for several days, check the phone once a day for messages, and lounge on a “lazy river” floating on an inner tube. It’s also nice to get into contests with the kids to see who can win the most tickets in the game room (I win every time). Makes it worthwhile when I put the kids down to sleep and they smile, give me a hug and say “Dad, that was a lot of fun.”
Two of my kids are following in my footsteps. Instead of swimming in the pools, they spend hours on end sitting on the sides, shooting those in the pool with water cannons, and giggling.

Thanks for all the comments and suggestions for the blog.

I’m going to try a few things and see how they work out.
1. Consolidate policy comments. I’m not going to stop commenting on policy issues because I think policy is a huge part of medicine – especially with the way the system is failing right now. Instead, I’m going to try to combine all the articles I’ve read into one post a week. Of course, doing a weekly policy post instead of several per week will sacrifice being the “first one out” with the news, but hopefully will reduce the overload people have mentioned. If there’s something particularly newsworthy, I’ll probably add an extra post. If I happen to add something that another blogger has posted, I’ll make sure to credit them, but if someone posted something I didn’t see, I’m not trying to steal ideas. Chances are just that I didn’t see it. Let me know and I’ll link to the other posts as well.
2. Try to add more patient stories. Patient stories are tough. I don’t want to keep writing about the same thing, but those situations are also the things that are interesting. We’ll see what I can do to pull some more stories. Maybe I’ll go back into the book I’ve been writing and pull some more out of there.
3. I’m also going to try to add some more diagnostic cases. They take a while to write up, so instead of reinventing the wheel, I’ll link to the diagnosis and treatment on other sites like Wikipedia or eMedicine.
4. Already talked contests over with the editor of EP Monthly and we’re going to do at least one per month with multiple prizes. First one coming out soon. Theme: Stevie Wonder song.
5. Swearing? Sonuvabeyotch. Cheese and crackers. Got all muddy. Now I sound like my dad. Hey, this is a family blog. If you’re looking for some high quality cussin’ you have to go to Cranky Prof’s blog. She’s a hoot.

Mind Unwind

Tuesday, April 14th, 2009

It’s Spring Break for the WhiteCoat children and Mrs. WhiteCoat and I are taking the kids on a surprise trip to a water park for the week. Might slip in a short post here or there, but don’t expect novellas for a little while.

While I’m gone, I would really like to hear what everyone does and does not like about this blog so far. Is there something I should be writing more about? Is everyone sick of hearing about EMTALA yet? More cases? More patient stories? More swearing? Should I re-institute contests? EP Monthly would be glad to kick in some prizes, right, Logan?

Let me know so that after I clear my head and have some fun with the family, I can get back to my keyboard addiction.

Thanks!

WC

My View

Tuesday, April 14th, 2009

I started blogging because I enjoy telling stories. Always have, always will. I think that many people read what I write because they like reading stories.

A recent comment by Max Kennerly, an attorney that frequently comments on this blog, made me sit back and think quite a bit. I don’t always agree with Max or with Matt, the other attorney whose comments drive me nuts sometimes, but I do respect their opinions. Another goal of this blog is to create an atmosphere of debate and debate runs deep on some posts. That’s a good thing.

Max wrote:

I still don’t understand your EMTALA obsession; the Chicago example makes quite clear an ER can cheaply and quickly comply, and still engage in profitable patient dumping. EMTALA isn’t a big deal from the policy perspective, you just find it personally annoying.

Frankly, the ease with which you (and other physicians) conflate issues makes it very hard to take any of you seriously. Do you want to be treated like a private industry or like a public utility? In the same breath you complain that the state is not providing funding and that the state imposes too many limitations on you. Who you think you are, Wall Street?

Normally, we do not give an industry state funding without substantial controls on it, including controls to ensure widespread availability of the industry’s services. But you apparently want the former but not the latter. Well, so do I. I want taxpayer money to go about my private business. Ain’t gonna happen.

I, personally, favor the public utility route, and would be happy to pay the extra taxes to fund it. Where do you fall?

After reading Max’s comment, I read back through my most recent posts on this blog (some imported to this blog – see Archives at right). Then I read back through the earlier posts on my old blog. Max is right. My mindset has definitely changed.

Then I thought about why my focus has changed.

I’m worried about health care in this country. I’m not worried for myself, but I am worried for so many hardworking people  who are denied health care or who have no access to health care. Policies like “never events,” agencies like JCAHO, misguided and medically unsubstantiated sites like “HospitalCompare,” and laws like EMTALA all start out with noble intent (I presume), but they all end up causing ripple effects that degrade the practice of medicine.

So in answer to Max’s comment, my “EMTALA obsession” wasn’t intended to be focused on EMTALA. Rather, my focus is on the ability of every American citizen to access healthcare. I have several Google news feeds that arrive in my e-mail each day. One of them is for the term “emergency room.” I know. I know. I cringe when I type it, but people haven’t caught up with the times. “Emergency department” hardly gets any news … yet. Every day I read posts about how hospitals are closing or losing money because of unfunded medical care. At the heart of unfunded care is EMTALA. So many of my posts reference EMTALA because EMTALA is abused to the point that medical care in this country is doled out arbitrarily. Patients that need urgent care are often neglected or do not seek timely care because they cannot afford it while patients who want “free” pregnancy tests or narcotic prescriptions pillage the system.

I have repeatedly said that a free market approach to medicine is the only way to save the system. Patients must have some “skin in the game.” Unfortunately there will never be a truly free market because, unlike almost any other industry, medicine is a human “need” – not a human “right,” but a human “need.” What other industry has such a closely entrenched human need? Those who can’t pay for a Lexus simply don’t get their Lexus. They can ride a bike or hitchhike. Those who can’t afford a civil lawyer may have their rights trampled, but they still get to go on with their lives. Those who can’t pay for health care – especially emergency health care – will die. Lack of medical care has an immediate and significant effect on morbidity and mortality. I can’t think of any other industries more necessary than medicine – including law. Sorry, Gerry Spence, you’re just flat out wrong.

The intent of all my policy posts is to make people think about the secondary effects of the choices they make, not to force my opinion down anyone’s throat. For example, many who clamor for true “socialized medicine” have this dream that they will get fast, free, and quality care. Such a system will never occur. NEVER. Rationing will be necessary and significant in any socialized system. I try to emphasize that point by illustrating all of the cuts taking place in our current system as we move toward socialism and by showing articles about the lack of access to care in other socialized systems. If we’re going to choose this system, at least we should have an idea of what we’re in for.

You want me to pick public versus private industry? I pick private industry. You pay me, I treat you. No third parties. Screw the government. Every medical provider would have free choice to choose who to treat and who not to treat. No provider would have to treat patients without insurance any more than a grocery store would have to give groceries to someone without money. “Patient dumping” wouldn’t mean anything other than a medical provider making sound business practices. Lawyers couldn’t threaten health care providers with EMTALA violations or all of their other creative iterations of negligence solely because providers choose to make a profit. If patients can’t afford their cardiac catheterization or their expensive medications, they die. Sucks to be them. Is that the system you want? You wouldn’t hear very many providers complaining, but at the same time, thousands of people would die because they had no money for medical care. I’m all for free market, but we can’t let purely “free market” medicine happen to patients.
So let’s impose strict “state controls” on medicine. Everyone is a comrade and gets their government-sponsored Yugo and bowl of gruel. We can already see what happens with a purely government controlled model. Look up North or across the pond. Sure, care for healthy patients is easily accessible. But become one of those “high utilizers” and it’s a different story. Long waits. Less care. People die waiting for surgery. Expensive treatments for sick patients are denied because some government accountant says the treatments are “not medically necessary.” Impose your controls. Go ahead. You won’t be able to pay enough in extra taxes to fund a system that provides good and timely care to every denizen in this country.

What I foresee happening is a system similar to the legal system in this country. For emergency care and surgical care/hospitalizations, there is a “public defender” type system. If you can’t afford to pay for a top notch “defense” physician, then the “courts” appoint a “public defender” physician for you. You get average care if you don’t have the cash, but you have the option to pay for Mark Geragos if you can afford him. Top surgeons or emergency physicians could demand and receive a premium. Just like the Mayo Clinic or M.D. Anderson, now. People pay extra for extraordinary care. Market forces at work. The “public defender” system is already emerging in emergency medicine with the proliferation of freestanding emergency departments that can cherry pick paying patients. Those without money go to the “public defender” emergency departments at public hospitals that still fall under … EMTALA laws. See, I mentioned it again.

Routine medical care will drift toward the “civil law” practice model. Pay to play. No money, no care. Maybe you can go to public clinics – the equivalent of law schools or charitable organizations – to get primary care if you demonstrate a need. Once the governments decide to cut funding to public clinics, patients will either have to pay up or go sit in the untenable lines in the emergency departments for their care.

I will be able to care for myself and my family regardless of the system that is chosen in this country. I have the contacts, the resources, and the knowledge to do so. One of the benefits of having a six figure student loan debt, I guess.
I truly fear for the health and livelihoods of those who aren’t as fortunate as I am.

That’s where my posts are coming from.

On the flip side, I really do have to get out of my writing rut. Thanks for setting that straight, Max.

Down For The Count

Monday, April 13th, 2009

knockoutMedical care in this country is rapidly heading for a K.O.

Baltimore’s Bon Secours Hospital considers closing as it is getting crushed under the costs of providing uncompensated care. The hospital lost $22 million last year.

Northeastern Hospital in Philadelphia is also preparing to close. Its emergency department usually sees 50,000 patients per year. The hospital lost $6 million last year and expects to lose $15 million this year. Charity care has increased by 33% in the past 12 months and more than three quarters of the patients at the hospital are Medicare or Medicaid – “insurance” plans which “do not pay the full cost of care.” State lawmakers and community activists are trying to force the hospital to stay open.  State Sen. Michael J. Stack stated that “closing this ER is going to have a devastating effect.” The article made no mention of how the good senator planned to fund his grand initiative .

A Chicago Tribune “Watchdog” article criticizes “for profit” hospitals that pass the buck on uninsured patients, showing how for profit hospitals provide patients with an “EMTALA screen” in the emergency department, stabilize any emergencies, and then send indigent patients to public hospitals for further care – sometimes with directions on how to get to the public hospitals. The article quotes one University of Pennsylvania emergency physician as stating that the practice amounts to “legalized patient dumping.” No word on how much of a pay cut the emergency physician has taken to curtail such problems in his own state. Also no word on when the Chicago Tribune is going to stop “advertiser dumping” – a process that requires all advertisers to pay in advance for advertisements in its newspaper.

A Naples Daily News (Virginia) article shows how communities are creating more and more “freestanding” emergency departments that cater to patients with the ability to pay. The article notes that out of 12,000 patient visits per year, the freestanding emergency department “is seeing very few people with no insurance”. Incidentally, wait times are 10 minutes in the freestanding emergency department and 5 hours in the traditional emergency departments.

The manner in which healthcare providers fight for financial survival is causing rapid market adjustments. Hospitals that cannot afford to comply with the federal EMTALA laws are either curtailing emergency services or closing. Patients with public insurance or no insurance that depend on EMTALA laws to survive are being herded into larger public institutions where waits become untenable. Private physicians increasingly refuse to care for patients with public insurance due to low reimbursement and administrative hassles.

Government-created market forces are pushing us toward a two-tiered socialized system at a dizzying pace. Those fortunate enough to have insurance will receive faster and likely more competent care, but care that will come at an increasing financial cost. Those patients without insurance will receive “free” care that is time-rationed and haphazard. Emergency medical care for all Americans will be less accessible because of continuing hospital and emergency department closures.

We asked for it.

Trauma Rounds

Friday, April 10th, 2009

Someone asked me to tell a story about an embarrassing moment in my career. This is just one of them.

During medical school, I did a trauma rotation at a regional trauma center. One of the surgeons was kind of a crotchety old woman who made readily evident her opinion that women are beings far superior to men. Every day she did rounds we’d hear some quip about how women heal quicker, need less pain medicine, complain less, et-cetera, et-cetera, and so on. It tended to get on one’s nerves by the end of the rotation. You couldn’t say anything to tick her off, either, because she was known to fail students on their trauma rotations. Then you had to do another rotation at another hospital during your vacation month which royally sucked.

During rounds on my final week of the trauma rotation, we did rounds with Dr. She-God.

One of the patients that was being treated by our trauma team was a woman in her 70′s who was involved in a motor vehicle accident. One of the other residents on my team gave the history:

“This is a 71 year old female who was an unrestrained driver near a cemetery when she lost control of the car …”

Yeah yeah yeah. I’m trying to stay awake here. I’ve been up all night. Speed it up a little, will you?

“The patient swerved off the road, went through a ditch, into the cemetery, took out about a half dozen tombstones, then ran into a tree. Paramedics said that it looked like she never took her foot off the gas pedal. The impact with all these objects caused several fractures including her shoulder, her collarbone, a few ribs, and her ankle. She also has a partially collapsed lung. Her face hit the steering wheel causing a laceration and hematoma to the forehead, a fracture of the maxilla, and significant bruising about her eye.”

There’s no question that the patient had a will to live. She didn’t have a cell phone and no one was around. So she got out of the car and limped half a mile down the road with a broken ankle to the nearest home and knocked on the door.

I was already slaphappy after being up all night on call, so I started giggling thinking about what the person who answered the door must have been thinking. You live next to a cemetery. It’s the middle of the night. You answer a knock on the door and open it up to find some bloody moaning old lady with a swollen face standing there. Straight out of a Wes Craven film. I would never live next to a cemetery just for that reason.

Dr. She-God caught me giggling out of the corner of her eye and shot me a scowl.
“Something funny about this, Dr. WhiteCoat?”
“No, ma’am [cough cough], just had a piece of muffin stuck in my throat. No problem at all. Sorry.”

Dr. She-God took that as her cue to once again describe the superiority of the female species.
“This brave woman drove off the road, sustained multiple injuries, and walked a half mile with a collapsed lung and a broken ankle to get help. Ladies and gentlemen, this is proof that women have perseverance.”

I started giggling again. I elbowed the resident standing next to me and whispered “No … it proves that women can’t drive.”

Dickhead resident (who was probably lacking a Y chromosome) promptly started laughing out loud and threw me under the bus. “Bwaaaahahahaha. It proves that women can’t drive! Bwaaaahahahaha. WhiteCoat, that’s funny.” The whole trauma team then started cracking up in the middle of the ICU.

I was mortified. I already had purchased plane tickets for my vacation. I was so screwed.

I hesitantly looked at Dr. She-God out of the corner of my eye. She had a smirk on her face.

OK. Good sign … I think. I turned to face her, put on the most “innocent” face I could muster, and shrugged my shoulders. Dr. She-God was blushing and holding back a laugh.

“Cute, WhiteCoat … Cute.” She walked away shaking her head.

Fortunately, it wasn’t cute enough to make me miss my vacation month.

Aruba was a blast.

And if I ever run across that resident … let’s just say there will be another prologue post about this little moment.

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