WhiteCoat

Archive for July, 2011

Independence (from fingers) Day

Wednesday, July 13th, 2011

I was going to write about the worst July 4th accident I had seen in the ED prior to July 4, but I got bogged down in other things and then had to take an unexpected road trip out of state.

The story is below. If you’re wondering why I’m telling the story after July 4th, continue reading. There was a contender for the worst injury that was seen for a follow up visit yesterday.

The first patient was a man in his early twenties I saw many years ago. Still remember his case very well.
He was riding around as a passenger in a car after July 4th with some friends when he saw someone that he knew who was driving a car up ahead of him. He had some leftover fireworks, so he pulled out an M-80, and, as they got closer to the acquaintance’s car, he rolled down the window and lit the M-80, intending to throw it on the hood of the acquaintance’s car. When he reached out the window to throw the M-80, the lit M-80 hit the edge of the window and dropped into the patient’s lap. The patient quickly grabbed the M-80 and tried to throw it out the window, but the M-80 blew up in his hand before he released it. The window shattered, cutting his face in several places.
The patient’s right hand was a mess. The skin and tissues were completely gone from the last joints of his thumb, index, and middle fingers. All that remained was bones and the frayed edges of skin and tendons. His ring and fifth fingers still had the skin attached, but were broken and twisted outward. Four metacarpals in his hand were broken from the blast. He was in horrible pain. We gave him several doses of IV pain medication, but they didn’t help. The only way I could get him out of pain was to perform nerve blocks on his hand.
He had been drinking, so once he was out of pain, he kept looking at his hand and saying how “cool” it was. I could remember the patient’s mother sitting on the side of the bed just sobbing. The hand surgeon said that several of his fingers would need to be partially amputated, but I never saw the patient after his initial ED visit.

That was the worst. Probably still is the worst. Then there’s the one below.

Yesterday was a follow up visit from a patient who was firing off mortars in his friend’s back yard – in another state. He didn’t want to go back to the other state for a follow up appointment and wanted a surgeon nearby to provide his follow up care.
The patient put a mortar in the tube and lit the fuse. Then he saw that the mortar wasn’t all the way down the tube, so he used his fingers to quickly push the mortar the rest of the way down the tube. Unfortunately, the fuse was “the fastest burning fuse he had ever seen.” The mortar went off and exploded into his wrist and hand. From his description, the tips of his four fingers were gone. His wrist was broken in several places. Bones in his hand were dislocated. There was a large bloody blast wound to the flexor surface of his forearm. Many tendons were ripped apart. There was tattooing of soot with ulcerations most of the way up his inner arm. His hand and wrist were splinted with what appeared to be a  Kleinert splint and Kirchner wires were sticking out of several places in his hand. His fingers had good capillary refill and that was all that was being checked during his visit.
Needless to say, our local orthopedist didn’t feel comfortable accepting care for the patient. So the patient got a bill for his visit and he still had to follow up with the out of state hand surgeon.

Don’t know if there is a moral to this story. All fireworks are dangerous. Even sparklers burn at extremely high temperatures.

Just be careful out there.

And be extra nice to the hand surgeons when you work in the EDs during the first week of July.

 

King v. St. Barnabas

Tuesday, July 12th, 2011

Walter Olson at Overlawyered.com forwarded me a case to comment upon.

The opinion was King v. St. Barnabas Hospital.

The facts of the case are that a 38 year old off-duty prison guard was playing basketball in the prison gym when he collapsed. Seven minutes later, medical clinic staff arrived to find the patient unresponsive and not breathing. CPR was started. A defibrillator was used to check the heart rhythm and the patient’s heart was in asystole, or “flat line.” The patient was defibrillated once – after one first responder thought the patient may have had episodes of ventricular fibrillation. The patient remained in asystole. No IV line was started and the patient was not intubated, even though the first responders had the equipment available. Six minutes later, a doctor arrived and inserted an IV. Epinephrine was given, but the patient remained in asystole and was pronounced dead.

The plaintiff’s expert – unnamed in the appellate opinion – testified that to a reasonable degree of medical certainty that defibrillating someone in asystole “eliminate[s] any chance of recovery for the patient” and that “securing the patient’s airway and administering oxygen is ‘vital’ to avoid hypoxemia.” The failure to provide IV medications “contributed to [the patient's] failed resuscitation and death and diminished his chances of survival.”

The trial court threw the case out, noting that the expert failed to show any studies showing survival rates of patients in asystole or whether medications given post-arrest improves a patient’s chances of survival.

The appellate court reversed the decision of the trial court, stating that the patient was “found in a life-threatening, nonresponsive state” and that ACLS protocols wouldn’t exist if there wasn’t evidence that the protocols improve survival.

I have so many issues with the case and the testimony that I don’t know where to begin.

Let’s start with the appellate court opinion. Dear justices: This patient wasn’t in a “life-threatening” state. He was dead … for seven minutes. Asystole without respirations equals death. If the medical personnel are able to revive a patient, they have brought the patient back from death. Failure to snatch someone out of the Grim Reaper’s hands should not be a compensable harm.

The expert’s opinions also bother me.
Yes, technically defibrillation causes “damage” to heart muscle. There is no evidence that defibrillation decreases survival or recovery for patients in asystole.
While it wasn’t known at the time the incident occurred, Dr. Gordon Ewy showed that delaying resuscitation for intubation actually decreases survival as well.
Failure to provide IV medications similarly has little effect on survival. Epinephrine doesn’t improve immediate survival or hospital discharge in cardiac arrest when AHA guidelines are followed. This paper (.pdf) shows that epinephrine actually tends to cause a trend toward less survival in cardiac arrest.

UPDATE: I forgot to check David Neuman, Graham Walker et al’s incredibly useful site “The Number Needed to Treat” regarding the utility of ACLS medications in cardiac arrest. Evidence-based opinion: 100% of patients receiving the medications “saw no benefit.”

A plethora of case law requires that expert opinions have some basis in fact. There was no basis for causation and there was little if any basis for the expert’s other opinions. A plaintiff should not be able to proceed with a case based on an unsubstantiated expert’s opinion about standards of care and causation. The circuit court was right to throw out the case. If the expert had some studies supporting his theories, he needed to put up or shut up.

I also thought it was … interesting … that the appellate court’s opinion identified the defense expert by name, but did not identify the plaintiff’s expert. Why was that? Afraid that the expert may take heat for his opinions if his name was published?

The appellate court took almost 2 years to come up with this opinion and then blew it.

Hopefully the New York Court of Appeals has better sense.

Healthcare Update 07-11-2011

Monday, July 11th, 2011

Wicky sticks making a comeback? Kids ingesting enbalming fluid with marijuana to enhance their “high.” Bad news is that formaldehyde can cause headaches and psychosis and who knows what the hell other symptoms. Remember: The only controlled studies on the effects of formaldehyde on human beings have been on DEAD PEOPLE.

Ten Texas patients called EMS 831 times in a one year time frame. So how do we address EMS frequent flyers? One Texas EMS service is using paramedics to troubleshoot patient needs and get patients plugged into the system. As a result of one paramedic’s efforts, EMS calls by ten frequent flyers fell by 79 percent. With 367 frequent flyers costing taxpayers more than $1 million in EMS charges alone, these paramedics may be on to something …

High risk insurance pool in Colorado running out of money and may have to “raise premiums, lower benefits and add waiting lists.” You don’t say. One analyst commenting in the article stated that those who created the plan “don’t have a clue about health care, and they don’t have good solutions.” You don’t say. Welcome to health care of the future.

More patients gone wild. Nineteen year old intoxicated patient drinks himself into oblivion, passes out, then wakes up in the emergency department, starts disturbance, tries to leave. Po po called and patient has an “electrifying” experience.

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Happy 4th of July!

Monday, July 4th, 2011

We’re celebrating the July 4th holiday, but how many of you actually know what we’re celebrating?

What event occurred on July 4, 1776?
A. The United States declared independence from Great Britain
B. The wording of the Declaration of Independence was adopted
C. The Declaration of Independence was signed

Click this link to Wikipedia for the answer.

As we celebrate this July 4th holiday, please be safe and remember the troops that have sacrificed for us and who continue to sacrifice for us.
Was watching CNN this morning and saw a great web site. Check out the videos on the Welcome Home Blog to see how much families miss their enlisted members.

Have a safe and happy holiday from the WhiteCoats.

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Healthcare Update — 07-04-2011

Monday, July 4th, 2011

Billing your doctor for making you wait. Some doctors are giving patients money if the patients have to wait longer than 15 minutes for an appointment. This practice definitely falls into the category of “be careful what you wish for.” Would it still be a good idea if patients had to pay the doctor out of pocket when their appointments lasted longer than 15 minutes?

More patients gone wild. Intoxicated patient refuses IV than grabs nurse and corners her. Nurse gets away, then patient leaves the room, roaming the halls of the emergency department cursing loudly and “causing a disturbance.” Police were called. Patient curses at them, then grabs police sergeant’s shirt ripped off sergeant’s whistle chain. Police then practice UFC moves, take patient down, and cuff him. Book ‘em a room in the GreyBar Motel, Dano.
One important point for the ED personnel reading this … the nurse violated one of the first rules of emergency medicine: NEVER let the patient get between you and the door. You can’t get “cornered” if you get out the door first.

Unidentified brainiac drives up to hospital and shoots the emergency department wall. No, dimwit, the big red cross is not a target.

Chicago lawyer awarded medical malpractice lawyer of the year award after obtaining more than $1 billion for his clients in verdicts and settlements. That’s “billion” with a “B”. The attorney’s firm has won more than $3 billion for its clients and has had more than 600 settlements and verdicts in excess of $1 million. And people are still questioning why physicians practice defensive medicine?

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